Factors affecting drug action cont drug dosage and theraphy. Factors modifying drug action general pharmacology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Since the main hallmark of osteoarthritis is cartilage loss, a typical dmoad would prevent the loss of cartilage and potentially regenerate it. Drug response can be affected by a wide range of factors, including genetics, age and certain environmental considerations. As we know, there are a host of factors which modify the patients response to a drug. Factors modifying drug effect and dosage pharmacodynamics. Pdf overview of factors affecting oral drug absorption.
Factors affecting drug action drug dosage and theraphy. Drug s efficacy can be affected by patients expectations and attitude. Outdated tetracyclines give rise to excretion of amino acids in urine. When a doctor prescribes you a pill or injects you with a medication in the hospital, it may seem like a really simple thing to an outsider. This is particularly important in the case of treatment with sex hormones. This chapter, therefore, deals with the following factors which modify drug action. The handling of animals, the housing single or in groups, the type of the cage and the bedding materials are important factors. More generally, this kind of effect is known as a diseasemodifying action. In general, children require smaller doses than adults. View test prep class 4 study guide from nurse 142 at elgin community college.
An idiosyncratic response is uncommon, and it is sometimes impossible to understand whether it is the result of a genetic predisposition or has some other cause such as the status of the immune. In the infant, toxic effects of drugs may be accentuated. Clinical remission can be maintained after the discontinuation of biological diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs bdmards in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis ra bdmardfree remission bfr. Most drug action is predicted on the basis of plasma drug concentrations. Onset of action is rapid when drug is given in liquid form. A drug may have different actions via different routes magnesium sulfate 7. Certain combinations of drugs can slow down or speed up the effects. Leflunomide is converted to teriflunomide by the cytochrome p450 enzymes 1a2, 2c19 and 3a4, which is cleared via secretion into the gastrointestinal tract by the transporter abcg2. Steric factors determined by the stereochemistry of the receptor site surface and that of the drug molecules are, therefore, of primary importance in determining the nature and the efficiency of the drugreceptor interaction. Absorption is used to described the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to site of action successfully describing absorption involves several steps. If disease progression is linear, this may be described as a slope effect. Action may be modified if kept for longer durations. It is not easy, even in experimental models, to measure tissue concentrations, particularly when the extracellular versus. Drugs, brains, and behavior the science of addiction image.
Physiological factors age, sex, pregnancy, lactation, body wt. Overview of factors affecting oral drug absorption naining song a,b, shaoy u zhang b, changxiao liu a a tianjin state key laboratory of pharmacokinetics and pharmaco dynamics, tianjin inst. After ingestion of some toxicants, emesis may occur if the stomach is empty, but if partly filled, the toxicant is retained and toxicosis can occur. A diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drug dmoad is a drug that would inhibit or even reverse the progression of osteoarthritis. Factors modifying drug actions liver benzodiazepine. The efficiency and efficacy of drug action depends largely on how well an unaided drug molecule is able to reach its intracellular target or even its target inside organelles such as mitochondria. Factors associated with the achievement of biological. Factors influencing toxicity in some instances, individuals can have unpredictable reactions, or idiosyncratic responses, to a drug or other substance. Normal bodily functions also vary with the time of day, thus affecting drug action. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with bfr. Variations government medical college and hospital.
What are the factors affecting the dose and action of drugs. Factors associated with treatment animal husbandry animal husbandry and a variety of social factors can modify toxicity of chemicals. With the possible exception of the general anesthetics, such drugs must possess a high structural specificity to. Factors modifying the drug action variation in response to same dose of drug between different patients or even with the same patients on different occasions is rule rather than the exception. Either youngs formula based on age or clarks formula based on weight can. Leflunomide is a disease modifying antirheumatic drug that is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ra. A second kind of drug action on disease progression occurs when the drug influences the rate of progression. These studies sought to elucidate the novel mechanism of action for lor on wnt pathway inhibition, chondrocyte differentiation, and antiinflammation.
Requirement of higher dose of a drug to produce a given response. This variance of drug action may be due to a number of factors not inherent in the drug itself. Heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up circulation so drugs act faster. First, the drug needs to be introduced via some route of administration oral, topicaldermal, etc. Sm04690, a novel small molecule, has previously demonstrated potential oa diseasemodifying effects through wnt pathway inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Marianne garland, in fetal and neonatal physiology fifth edition, 2017. Based on individual patient characteristics, construct a treatment and monitoring plan for a patient with ra and, when appropriate, include biologic dmard therapy.
A powerpoint presentation of undergraduate level pharmacology on factors modifying drug action slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Factors modifying drug actions free download as powerpoint presentation. Factors affecting the activity of toxicants toxicology. Route determines the speed and intensity of drug response parenteral for speedy action. Decreasing drug absorption from git due to mucosal edema and splanhnic vasoconstriction. Contains nonbinding recommendations applying human. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a revised stateoftheart drug prevention program, project alert, on risk factors for drug use in mostly rural midwestern schools and.
Factors that modify drug activity and patient response. It is unknown which bdmard is advantageous for achieving bfr or under which conditions bfr can be considered. Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride become toxic if kept for long durations. Individual differ in pharmacokinetic handling of drugs. In the evaluation of hazards associated with exposure of humans to chemicals, whether they be encountered as drugs, through occupational exposure, or as the result of environmental contamination, the use of animal data is of obvious importance. Assess the differences between classes of biologic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drug dmard therapy. The specific effect which drugs exert on certain organs may be altered in both intensity and rate of appearance and disappearance. The primary mechanism of action is inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Drug effect refers to the normal spectrum of biological response evoked by a drug when used at a recommended dose. Class 4 study guide describe factors modifying drug. Factors modifying drug actions a number of factors influence the drug response in an individual the.
Lorecivivint sm04690, a potential diseasemodifying. Describe factors modifying drug action, including interactions from drugdrug including synergistic, drugdiet, and. Factors modifying drug actions,blok bbs 251110 free download as powerpoint presentation. Pharmaceutical factors a chemical factors b physicochemical properties of drug substances 1. Factors modifying drug actions,blok bbs 251110 drug. Cold slows their action by constricting the blood vessels and slowing circulation. Factors modifying drug response variations in response to same dose of a drug between different patients in the same patient on different occasions the dose of drug is generally expressed in the range, which gives therapeutic effect in majority of patients. Factors modifying drug actions individuals vary in drug effect from time to. Factors affecting drug action norma nicholson ba, ma.
This paper illustrates such a procedure by describing the logistics of a practical class on factors modifying duration of drug action to large classes of undergraduate medical and pharmacy students, on limited laboratory space, staff and budget. Factors that modify drug actions and drug interactions. Placebo this is an inert substance which is given in the garb of medicine. Home medical reference and training manuals factors affecting drug action drug dosage and theraphy.
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